Modern chicken creation in the USSR is actually development to the base from industrial technology as well as 2-ways specialization, we.e. egg and you can beef creation.
On the socialized business the average yearly egg give off hens enhanced off 130 into the 1964 in order to 226 back in 1984. In the same several months the entire eggs production grew regarding 30 so you’re able to 73 thousand million. Numbers of breeding birds have been 230 912 100000 inside 1980 just like the against 174 political dating sites 758 100 during the 1975 – an increase of 31%.
To own eggs creation really birds are about three- or five-range crosses according to brought in grandparental lines of adopting the: Razor – 288, 292, 444, Evribreed -Highsex White, Highsex Brownish while others. Within the exact same date brand new numbers of eggs-sorts of Russian White birds reduced – these were 6.8-fold less for the 1980 compared to 1975.
thirteen. Domestic FOWL
Having chicken production the prevailing stocks are definitely the five-line crosses Broiler-six and you may Broiler-compact-8 that have been designed out of Dutch contours of your Evribreed business. The fresh real time weight from eight-week-dated broilers is step one.7 kg, having 2.8 kg off offer being consumed per kg from gain.
Full fowl meat design try 2.dos million tonnes back in 1984, we.elizabeth. 3 times up to during the 1965 (700 000 t). Your meal Programme of your own USSR envisages production of 3.4-3.six meters t away from fowl chicken into the 1990. Attention has been paid down into the encouragement of fowl breeding on individual plots regarding cumulative growers.
But not, industrialization regarding chicken reproduction enjoys contributed to a drastic loss in what number of types. The majority of them have forfeit its energetic worthy of and are also handled merely as an inherited resource inside the browse centres by inexperienced breeders.
That it chapter describes nearby, old and brand new types and you can communities throughout the Soviet Connection (pick Desk 13.1). The bulk of them are twin-purpose types having a low output that aren’t used by the fresh chicken business. not, they keeps many worthwhile biological qualities – resistance to condition and you may clear change regarding environmental temperature; highest reproductive price lower than industrial requirements; high beef palatability.
The outlines which are widely used on the chicken business defectively you prefer hereditary assortment in the more than functions. On the basis of local and you can unusual communities from the Soviet Connection the breed teams and you may extremely effective traces and crosses are becoming build being modified to the variety of climatic areas in the united kingdom.
Egg Types Barred-AND-SPECKLED LEGHORN (Polosato-pestraya leggorn)
The fresh man-made populace is actually lead throughout the 1976-84 on the Ail-Union Research Institute from Ranch Animal Reproduction and you can Genes by the crossing Light Leghorn men of the C line of cross Shaver 288 and hens out of an experimental type of Black Speckled Australorps. The new family genes responsible for along with out of Leghorn plumage – We, Sp, w – and their alleles when you look at the Australorps – i, sp, W – were utilized because markers to produce hereditary assortment on the this new line.
The original specimens (n=30) out of chickens homozygous to have the color family genes were produced in 1978 by inter se reproduction away from light hybrids (F2) which have step 3/cuatro off Leghorn inheritance. They had a pronounced dosage effectation of gene B about Leghorn gender chromosome. The male birds (BB spsp) had white plumage that have lines away from barring while the people chickens (B-spsp) was basically banned-and-mottled that have white off.
In the 1st phase of reproduction the new stock off Barred-and-Speckled Leghorns numbered just 2 hundred-250 head. The majority of them was in fact heterozygotes (Ii Spsp and you can ii Spsp) (n=l 500) that have annual eggs production of 230 egg weighing 56-57 g. This was accompanied by rigorous possibilities among females (50% intensity) having eggs pounds, conformation and you may readiness of males (choice power ten%) in the shape of crosses between around 10 lines. One of male chickens an element of the choice criteria were conformation, pounds and you may top-notch egg of the lady mothers, and also to a significantly minimal the total amount the newest egg production of female mothers.